Section 5: 5.1 VRH115 - Concrete-Electric Radiant Heat-Thin Bed
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1' (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10' [3 mm in 3 m]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (6 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Concrete surfaces shall also be:
1. Cured a minimum of 28 days at 70°F (21°C), including an initial seven (7) day period of wet curing;
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: LATICRETE® latex portland cement mortars do not require a minimum cure time for concrete substrates or mortar beds;
2. Wood float finished, or better, if the installation is to be done by the thin bed method;
C. Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface Preparation
A. Existing Flooring Surfaces
Cement terrazzo, ceramic tiles, pavers, quarry tiles, vinyl, non-cushion vinyl composition floor coverings must be sound, solid, well bonded, stripped clean and free from dust, wax, grease, sealer and all other contamination which may reduce or prevent adhesion per ANSI A108.02 (4.0).
B. Concrete Substrates
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation – In addition to the surface preparation requirements listed above; …)
C. (List other Substrates as required and means of preparation as required)
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation – In addition to the surface preparation requirements listed above; …)
3.3 Installation – Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives/mastics, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent water penetration into occupied or storage spaces below.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 – 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8 mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
. LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE Hydro Ban™.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Hydro Ban
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
B. Crack Suppression:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone installed by the thin bed method can be damaged by shrinkage related substrate cracking. Specify an Anti-Fracture Membrane or Crack Suppression Membrane to reduce crack propagation into veneers or hard finishes. Do not use Anti-Fracture/Crack Suppression Membranes if substrate cracking:
1. Is due to structural movement;
2. Involves vertical and/or differential movement;
3. Involves horizontal movement >1/8" (3 mm).
Install the anti-fracture membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.17 (1.0 – 3.0). Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric, allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid before using. Pre-treat all substrate cracks, cold joints, control joints, coves, corners and penetrations according to manufacturer’s specific recommendations. Allow pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid with brush or roller over substrate including pre-treated areas. Before the coat dries, unroll LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric, smooth out any wrinkles and press with brush or roller until LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid “bleeds” through to surface. Apply another liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid and allow it to dry to the touch, ~1–3 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4C), which may begin as soon as last coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid has dried to the touch. Allow LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane to cure for at least 3 days at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH before exposing installation to rain or other water, even if covered by ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/- 1/16" over 8' (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
Electric Radiant Heating: Install in compliance with latest revisions of UI (US) 1693, UL (CAN/CAS) C22.2 #217; NEC Article 424 IX by a licensed electrician. All electrical connections must be made by a licensed electrician. A qualified tile installer is responsible for the placement and encapsulation of the LATICRETE Floor HEAT Mat. Carefully inspect and clean surface to receive LATICRETE Floor HEAT mat before the installation. Remove any sharp edges or pointed objects that might damage the heating elements. Plan and install LATICRETE Floor HEAT following the manufacturer’s instructions. Fully test LATICRETE Floor HEAT during the various stages of the installation to verify correct functioning. Do not install over expansion and control joints. Fully cover and encapsulate LATICRETE Floor HEAT elements with LATICRETE 254 Platinum. Allow mortar to harden prior to the installation of waterproofing (see § 3.3A), crack suppression (see § 3.3B) or ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone. Do not turn the LATICRETE Floor HEAT on until the entire tile installation (including grout) has cured for a minimum of 48 hours at 70°F (21°C); cooler temperatures require longer cure times.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Floor HEAT
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
B. Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" × 8"/200 mm × 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
D. Grouting or Pointing Joints:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The chemical resistance of grouts and pointing mortars for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone will typically depend on:
1. Reagent composition and/or concentration;
2. Temperature;
3. Duration of exposure.
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM C267 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts and Monolithic Surfaces and Polymer Concretes,” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected chemical exposures.
Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of epoxy grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 45–90°F (7–32°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Pour LATAPOXY® 2000 Industrial Grout Part A and Part B into a clean mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until liquids are well blended. For vertical installations only, add LATAPOXY Part D Non-Sag Additive. While mixing, then add LATAPOXY Part C Filler Powder and blend until uniform. Immediately pour all of the LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout just mixed out of the pail onto the surface to be grouted.
NOTE: Leaving epoxy grout in mixing pail will diminish working time.
Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin 5–30 minutes after grouting depending on temperature. Spray or fog grouted surfaces with clean water, applying ~8 fl oz/ft2 (0.3 m2). Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with nylon pad to dissolve haze/film. Drag a clean towel diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse towel frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again. Wait ~30–60 minutes and use a ‘hydra’ sponge and soapy water to ‘slick’/smoothen joint surface. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout. After ~12 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it by scrubbing with warm soapy water. Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone or trim unit.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
E. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1.
Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE® Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate Backing Material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
F. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/epoxy from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly. Keep traffic off horizontal Portland cement thick bed mortar installations for at least 72 hours at 70°F (21°C).
B. Allow the installation to cure for a minimum of 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) before turning on LATICRETE Floor HEAT.
C. Keep floors installed with epoxy adhesive closed to traffic for 24 hrs. at 70°F (21°C), and to heavy traffic for 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) unless instructed differently by manufacturer. Use kneeling boards, or equivalent, to walk/work on newly tiled floors. Cure tile work in swimming pools, fountains and other continuous immersion applications for 10 days for epoxy based grout and 14 days for latex Portland cement based grout at 70°F (21°C) before flood testing or filling installation with water. Extend period of protection of tile work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% RH) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.
Section 5: 5.2 VRH130 - Exterior Glue Plywood-Electric Radiant Heat-Thin Bed
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials.;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1' (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10' [3 mm in 3 m]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (6 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Lateral and other bracing must be constructed as prescribed by code and/or engineered wood manufacturers’ literature to achieve specified design deflection values;
6. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
7. Level and true to within 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m), and no more than 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 0.3 m) variation from substrate high points, for applications by the thin bed method over substrate, thin waterproofing membrane or thin crack suppression membrane;
8. Not leveled with gypsum or asphalt based compounds;
Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Plywood and other engineered wood products are not a suitable subsurface for the installation of ceramic tile brick or stone in exterior installations, or interior locations where exposed to excessive moisture or humidity, such as steam rooms, showers, pools, fountains, or damp basements.
C. Fire-retardant or preservative treated plywood, Masonite®, hardwood floors, strip wood floors, "yellow pitch pine" plywood, composite panels, luan, wafer board, particleboard, oriented strand board/OSB, or similar engineered or reconstructed wood panels are not suitable substrates for the adhesive installation of ceramic tile, stone or brick. However, some of these materials, such as oriented strand board/OSB or fire retardant plywood, may be used as a structural sub-floor when 1) the material meets sub-floor deflection criteria listed in § 3.2.A.2.a and § 3.2.A.2.b, 2) are identified with an APA trademark as a performance rated structural-use panel, and 3) an underlayment suitable for adhesion of ceramic tile, stone or brick is provided over the sub-floor.
D. Engineered wood structural framing may be subject to increased in-service deflection due to moisture exposure and long span conditions.
E. Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface Preparation
A. Wood Substrates
1. Structural Framing
Joist spacing in conventional sawn lumber and engineered wood structural framing systems shall not exceed 16" (0.4 m) o.c. However, the actual requirements for the spacing of joists are governed by the thickness and type of the sub-floor panel relative to the joist or beam spacing [see § 3.2.A.2.b].
2. Sub-Floor
a. The deflection of the structural sub-floor panels spanning structural framing components (beams and joists) shall not exceed:
i. 1/360 of the span where a ceramic tile or brick finish is adhered to the underlayment and structural sub-floor;
ii. 1/480 of the span for spans up to 14' (4.3 m), and no greater than 7/32" (6 mm) for spans over 14' (4.3 m), where a stone finish is adhered to an underlayment and a structural sub-floor.
b. Thickness of plywood, oriented strand board/OSB or composite/COM-PLY sub-floor panels: 5/8" (16 mm) or 19/32" (15 mm) thick for 16" (0.4 m) o.c. joist spacing;
c. For all other structural sub-floor materials, such as wood planks, minimum thickness must be as prescribed by building code and deflection must be verified by a qualified professional to comply with requirements in § 3.2.A.2.a;
d. Sub-floor panels of other thickness with APA-Engineered Wood Association trademark grade span ratings that are commensurate with joist spacing are acceptable.
e. All sub-floor panels must be APA Exterior or Interior Exposure 1 exposure durability with any APA grade designation. APA Sturd-I-Floor performance rated panels are not acceptable for adhesive installation of ceramic tile, stone or brick without an underlayment due to moisture expansion of tongue and groove panel edges or by moisture sensitivity of oriented strand board/ OSB type APA Sturd-I-Floor.
f. Installation:
i. Face grain across supports;
ii. Panel continuous over two or more spans;
iii. End joints must occur over framing members;
iv. Must be tongue and groove, or if not available, all edges must be blocked; v. Fasten 6" (150 mm) o.c. along all edges and 8" (200 mm) o.c. in panel field with 8d ring-shank, coated or hot-dip galvanized nails for 19/32" (15 mm) and 3/4" (18 mm) thick panels or screw them in place;
vi. Glue sub-floor panels to joists with construction adhesive to increase stiffness.
3. Underlayment
a. The underlayment may not be used in whole or part as a structural panel to achieve minimum deflection requirements of the sub-floor but may be used to provide increased stiffness to meet deflection requirements specified in § 3.1.A.2;
b. Use APA Exterior structural-use sub-floor panel grade designations A-A, A-B, A-C, B-B, B-C, C-C and C-C Plugged and all Structural I panel grades;
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Interior plywood with exterior glue exposure durability is not acceptable.
c. The minimum recommended thickness for plywood underlayment panels is 5/8" (16 mm) or 19/32" (15 mm).
d. Installation:
i. Protect underlayment from damage or contamination by other trades;
ii. Stagger end joints of underlayment panels;
iii. Offset joints between underlayment panels from joints between sub-floor panels;
iv. Allow minimum 1/8" (3 mm) between panels and 1/4" (6 mm) between panel and wall for expansion;
v. Fasten 6" (150 mm) o.c. along all edges and 8" (200 mm) o.c. in both directions in panel field with 8d ring-shank, coated or hot-dip galvanized nails for 19/32" (15 mm) and 3/4" (18 mm) thick panels or screw them in place;
vi. Glue underlayment to sub-floor with construction adhesive to increase stiffness.
B. Other Substrates
(List as required. Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit substrate and preparation section based on project specific surfaces and conditions.
3.3 Installation – Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives/mastics, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent water penetration into occupied or storage spaces below.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE® Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 – 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8 mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
. LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE Hydro Ban™.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Hydro Ban
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
B. Crack Suppression:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone installed by the thin bed method can be damaged by shrinkage related substrate cracking. Specify an Anti-Fracture Membrane or Crack Suppression Membrane to reduce crack propagation into veneers or hard finishes. Do not use Anti-Fracture/Crack Suppression Membranes if substrate cracking:
1. Is due to structural movement;
2. involves vertical and/or differential movement;
3. horizontal movement >1/8" (3 mm).
Install the anti-fracture membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.17 (1.0 – 3.0). Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric, allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid before using. Pre-treat all substrate cracks, cold joints, control joints, coves, corners and penetrations according to manufacturer’s specific recommendations. Allow pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid with brush or roller over substrate including pre-treated areas. Before the coat dries, unroll LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric, smooth out any wrinkles and press with brush or roller until LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid “bleeds” through to surface. Apply another liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid and allow it to dry to the touch, ~1–3 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4C), which may begin as soon as last coat of LATICRETE® Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid has dried to the touch. Allow LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane to cure for at least 3 days at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH before exposing installation to rain or other water, even if covered by ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/- 1/16" over 8' (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
B. Electric Radiant Heating: Install in compliance with latest revisions of UI (US) 1693, UL (CAN/CAS) C22.2 #217; NEC Article 424 IX by a licensed electrician. All electrical connections must be made by a licensed electrician. A qualified tile installer is responsible for the placement and encapsulation of the LATICRETE Floor HEAT. Carefully inspect and clean surface to receive LATICRETE Floor HEAT before the installation. Remove any sharp edges or pointed objects that might damage the heating elements. Plan and install LATICRETE Floor HEAT following the manufacturer’s instructions. Fully test LATICRETE Floor HEAT during the various stages of the installation to verify correct functioning. Do not install over expansion and control joints. Fully cover and encapsulate LATICRETE Floor HEAT elements with LATICRETE 254 Platinum. Allow mortar to harden prior to the installation of waterproofing (see § 3.3A), crack suppression (see § 3.3B) or ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone. Do not turn the LATICRETE Floor HEAT on until the entire tile installation (including grout) has cured for a minimum of 48 hours at 70°F (21°C); cooler temperatures require longer cure times.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Floor HEAT
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
C. Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" × 8"/200 mm × 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
D. Grouting or Pointing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The chemical resistance of grouts and pointing mortars for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone will typically depend on:
1. Reagent composition and/or concentration;
2. Temperature;
3. Duration of exposure.
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM C267 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts and Monolithic Surfaces and Polymer Concretes,” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected chemical exposures.
Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of epoxy grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 45–90°F (7–32°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Pour LATAPOXY® 2000 Industrial Grout Part A and Part B into a clean mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until liquids are well blended. For vertical installations only, add LATAPOXY Part D Non-Sag Additive. While mixing, then add LATAPOXY Part C Filler Powder and blend until uniform. Immediately pour all of the LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout just mixed out of the pail onto the surface to be grouted.
NOTE: Leaving epoxy grout in mixing pail will diminish working time.
Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin 5–30 minutes after grouting depending on temperature. Spray or fog grouted surfaces with clean water, applying ~8 fl oz/ft2 (0.3 m2). Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with nylon pad to dissolve haze/film. Drag a clean towel diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse towel frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again. Wait ~30–60 minutes and use a ‘hydra’ sponge and soapy water to ‘slick’/smoothen joint surface. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout. After ~12 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it by scrubbing with warm soapy water. Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone or trim unit.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
E. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤2:1.
Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE® Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate Backing Material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
F. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/epoxy from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly. Keep traffic off horizontal portland cement thick bed mortar installations for at least 72 hours at 70°F (21°C).
B. Allow the installation to cure for a minimum of 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) before turning on LATICRETE Floor HEAT.
C. Keep floors installed with epoxy adhesive closed to traffic for 24 hrs at 70°F (21°C), and to heavy traffic for 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) unless instructed differently by manufacturer. Use kneeling boards, or equivalent, to walk/work on newly tiled floors. Cure tile work in swimming pools, fountains and other continuous immersion applications for 10 days for epoxy based grout and 14 days for latex portland cement based grout at 70°F (21°C) before flood testing or filling installation with water. Extend period of protection of tile work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% RH) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.
Section 5: 5.3 VRH135 - Cement Backer Board-Electric Radiant Heat-Thin Bed
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials.;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1' (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10' [3 mm in 3 m]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (6 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Lateral and other bracing must be constructed as prescribed by code and/or engineered wood manufacturers’ literature to achieve specified design deflection values;
6. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
7. Level and true to within 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m), and no more than 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 0.3 m) variation from substrate high points, for applications by the thin bed method over substrate, thin waterproofing membrane or thin crack suppression membrane;
8. Not leveled with gypsum or asphalt based compounds;
9. Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Plywood and other engineered wood products are not a suitable subsurface for the installation of ceramic tile brick or stone in exterior installations, or interior locations where exposed to excessive moisture or humidity, such as steam rooms, showers, pools, fountains, or damp basements.
C. Fire-retardant or preservative treated plywood, Masonite®, hardwood floors, strip wood floors, "yellow pitch pine" plywood, composite panels, luan, wafer board, particleboard, oriented strand board/OSB, or similar engineered or reconstructed wood panels are not suitable substrates for the adhesive installation of ceramic tile, stone or brick. However, some of these materials, such as oriented strand board/OSB or fire retardant plywood, may be used as a structural sub-floor when 1) the material meets sub-floor deflection criteria listed in § 3.2.A.2.a and § 3.2.A.2.b, 2) are identified with an APA trademark as a performance rated structural-use panel, and 3) an underlayment suitable for adhesion of ceramic tile, stone or brick is provided over the sub-floor.
D. Engineered wood structural framing may be subject to increased in-service deflection due to moisture exposure and long span conditions.
E. Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface Preparation
A. Wood Substrates
1. Structural Framing
Joist spacing in conventional sawn lumber and engineered wood structural framing systems shall not exceed 16" (0.4 m) o.c. However, the actual requirements for the spacing of joists are governed by the thickness and type of the sub-floor panel relative to the joist or beam spacing [see § 3.2.A.2.b].
2.Sub-Floor
a. The deflection of the structural sub-floor panels spanning structural framing components (beams and joists) shall not exceed:
i. 1/360 of the span where a ceramic tile or brick finish is adhered to the underlayment and structural sub-floor;
ii. 1/480 of the span for spans up to 14' (4.3 m), and no greater than 7/32" (6 mm) for spans over 14' (4.3m), where a stone finish is adhered to an underlayment and a structural sub-floor.
b. Thickness of plywood, oriented strand board/OSB or composite/COM-PLY sub-floor panels: 5/8" (16 mm) or 19/32" (15 mm) thick for 16" (0.4 m) o.c. joist spacing;
c. For all other structural sub-floor materials, such as wood planks, minimum thickness must be as prescribed by building code and deflection must be verified by a qualified professional to comply with requirements in § 3.2.A.2.a;
d. Sub-floor panels of other thickness with APA-Engineered Wood Association trademark grade span ratings that are commensurate with joist spacing are acceptable.
e. All sub-floor panels must be APA Exterior or Interior Exposure 1 exposure durability with any APA grade designation. APA Sturd-I-Floor performance rated panels are not acceptable for adhesive installation of ceramic tile, stone or brick without an underlayment due to moisture expansion of tongue and groove panel edges or by moisture sensitivity of oriented strand board/ OSB type APA Sturd-I-Floor.
f. Installation:
i. Face grain across supports;
ii. Panel continuous over two or more spans;
iii. End joints must occur over framing members;
iv. Must be tongue and groove, or if not available, all edges must be blocked;
v. Fasten 6" (150 mm) o.c. along all edges and 8" (200 mm) o.c. in panel field with 8d ring-shank, coated or hot-dip galvanized nails for 19/32" (15 mm) and 3/4" (19 mm) thick panels or screw them in place;
vi. Glue sub-floor panels to joists with construction adhesive to increase stiffness.
3. Underlayment
a. The underlayment may not be used in whole or part as a structural panel to achieve minimum deflection requirements of the sub-floor but may be used to provide increased stiffness to meet deflection requirements specified in § 3.1.A.2;
b. The minimum recommended thickness for Cementitious Backer Units (CBU) or Fiber Cement Underlayment used as underlayment is 1/2" (12 mm);
c. CBU shall comply with current revisions of ANSI A118.9 and ASTM C 1325, and Fiber Cement Underlayment shall comply with current revision ASTM C 1288;
d. CBU and Fiber Cement Underlayment shall be installed in conformance with current revision of ANSI A108.11;
e. Lay out the CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment so that the long side of each board runs perpendicular to joints between sub-floor panels, offset joints between CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment boards from joints between sub-floor panels and stagger end joints of CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment boards. Allow minimum 1/8" (3 mm) between boards and 1/4" (6 mm) between boards and wall, or other restraining surfaces, for expansion;
f. Remove sawdust, dirt, dust or other contaminants from the wood sub-floor.
Over clean exterior glue plywood sub-floor panels, apply latex portland cement mortar or epoxy adhesive as a bond coat. Lay the CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment into the bond coat while the surface is still wet and tacky. Spread only as much bond coat as can be covered in 15–20 minutes. Remove any latex portland cement mortar or epoxy adhesive that has “skinned over” and re-apply fresh material;
g. Over clean hardwood strip or Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sub-floor panels, make a “full spread” application of construction adhesive as a bond coat. Lay the CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment into the bond coat while the surface is still wet and tacky. Spread only as much bond coat as can be covered in 15–20 minutes. Remove any construction adhesive that has “skinned over” and re-apply fresh material. Recommended construction adhesive: Liquid Nails® PL2000 or equivalent;
h. Over all wood sub-floors, also fasten CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment every 6" (150 mm) o.c. along all edges and 8" (200 mm) o.c. in board field (both directions) with screws recommended by CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment manufacturer or 3/4" (18 mm) hot-dip galvanized roofing nails;
i. Tape all the board joints with the alkali resistant 2" (50 mm) wide reinforcing mesh provided by the CBU or Fiber Cement Underlayment manufacturer imbedded in the same latex portland cement mortar or epoxy adhesive used to install the ceramic tile, stone or brick (see § 3.4C);
B. Other Substrates
(List as required. Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit substrate and preparation section based on project specific surfaces and conditions.
3.3 Installation – Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives/mastics, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent water penetration into occupied or storage spaces below.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 – 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8 mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
. LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE Hydro Ban™.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Hydro Ban
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
B. Crack Suppression:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone installed by the thin bed method can be damaged by shrinkage related substrate cracking. Specify an Anti-Fracture Membrane or Crack Suppression Membrane to reduce crack propagation into veneers or hard finishes. Do not use Anti-Fracture/Crack Suppression Membranes if substrate cracking:
1. Is due to structural movement;
2. Involves vertical and/or differential movement;
3. Involves horizontal movement >1/8" (3 mm).
Install the anti-fracture membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.17 (1.0 – 3.0). Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric, allowing 2” (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid before using. Pre-treat all substrate cracks, cold joints, control joints, coves, corners and penetrations according to manufacturer’s specific recommendations. Allow pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid with brush or roller over substrate including pre-treated areas. Before the coat dries, unroll LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric, smooth out any wrinkles and press with brush or roller until LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid “bleeds” through to surface. Apply another liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid and allow it to dry to the touch, ~1–3 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4C), which may begin as soon as last coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid has dried to the touch. Allow LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane to cure for at least 3 days at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH before exposing installation to rain or other water, even if covered by ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/-1/16" over 8' (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
Electric Radiant Heating: Install in compliance with latest revisions of UI (US) 1693, UL (CAN/CAS) C22.2 #217; NEC Article 424 IX by a licensed electrician. All electrical connections must be made by a licensed electrician. A qualified tile installer is responsible for the placement and encapsulation of the LATICRETE® Floor HEAT. Carefully inspect and clean surface to receive LATICRETE Floor HEAT before the installation. Remove any sharp edges or pointed objects that might damage the heating elements. Plan and install LATICRETE Floor HEAT following the manufacturer’s instructions. Fully test LATICRETE Floor HEAT during the various stages of the installation to verify correct functioning. Do not install over expansion and control joints. Fully cover and encapsulate LATICRETE Floor HEAT elements with LATICRETE 254 Platinum. Allow mortar to harden prior to the installation of waterproofing (see § 3.3A), crack suppression (see § 3.3B) or ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone. Do not turn the LATICRETE Floor HEAT on until the entire tile installation (including grout) has cured for a minimum of 48 hours at 70°F (21°C); cooler temperatures require longer cure times.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Floor HEAT
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" × 8"/200 mm × 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
D. Grouting or Pointing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The chemical resistance of grouts and pointing mortars for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone will typically depend on:
1. Reagent composition and/or concentration;
2. Temperature;
3. Duration of exposure.
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM C267 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts and Monolithic Surfaces and Polymer Concretes,” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected chemical exposures.
Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of epoxy grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 45–90°F (7–32°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Pour LATAPOXY® 2000 Industrial Grout Part A and Part B into a clean mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until liquids are well blended. For vertical installations only, add LATAPOXY Part D Non-Sag Additive. While mixing, then add LATAPOXY Part C Filler Powder and blend until uniform. Immediately pour all of the LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout just mixed out of the pail onto the surface to be grouted.
NOTE: leaving epoxy grout in mixing pail will diminish working time.
Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin 5–30 minutes after grouting depending on temperature. Spray or fog grouted surfaces with clean water, applying ~8 fl oz/ft2 (0.3 m2). Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with nylon pad to dissolve haze/film. Drag a clean towel diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse towel frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again. Wait ~30–60 minutes and use a ‘hydra’ sponge and soapy water to ‘slick’/smoothen joint surface. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout. After ~12 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it by scrubbing with warm soapy water. Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone or trim unit.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
E. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1.
Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate backing material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5-10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
F. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/epoxy from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly. Keep traffic off horizontal portland cement thick bed mortar installations for at least 72 hours at 70°F (21°C).
B. Allow the installation to cure for a minimum of 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) before turning on LATICRETE Floor Warming.
C. Keep floors installed with epoxy adhesive closed to traffic for 24 hrs. at 70°F (21°C), and to heavy traffic for 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) unless instructed differently by manufacturer. Use kneeling boards, or equivalent, to walk/work on newly tiled floors. Cure tile work in swimming pools, fountains and other continuous immersion applications for 10 days for epoxy based grout and 14 days for latex portland cement based grout at 70°F (21°C) before flood testing or filling installation with water. Extend period of protection of tile work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% RH) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.
"As a professional courtesy, LATICRETE offers technical services free of charge. The user maintains all responsibility for verifying the applicability and suitability of the technical service or information provided."
The right to copy, distribute and utilize for commercial purposes is granted exclusively to architects, engineers, and specification writers. Execution Statements are subject to change without notice. For latest revision, check our website at www.laticrete.com.