Section 4: 4.1 VW211 - Concrete-Leveling Bed
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1' (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10' [3 mm in 3 m]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (6 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Not leveled with gypsum or asphalt based compounds;
6. Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Concrete surfaces shall also be:
1. Cured a minimum of 28 days at 70°F (21°C), including an initial seven (7) day period of wet curing;
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: LATICRETE® latex portland cement mortars do not require a minimum cure time for concrete substrates or mortar beds;
2. Wood float finished, or better, if the installation is to be done by the thin bed method;
Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface Preparation
A. Concrete Substrates
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1)
B. (List other Substrates as required and means of preparation as required)
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit substrate and preparation section based on project specific surfaces and conditions.
3.3 Installation – Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives/mastics, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent water penetration.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil™.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE® Hydro Ban™ over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 - 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
. LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE® Hydro Ban™.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Hydro Ban
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/- 1/16" over 8' (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
B. Pre-float Method: Over clean, dimensionally stable and sound concrete or masonry substrates, apply thick-bed mortar, or, thin-set mortar as scratch/leveling coat in compliance with current revision of A108.1A (1.0, 1.4 and 5.1). Float surface of scratch/leveling coat plumb, true and allow mortar to set until firm. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4E).
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
C. Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" × 8"/200 mm × 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Select one of following and specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, trim unit:
1. Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Grouting Epoxy (ANSI A118.3): Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of LATICRETE SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout* for 24 hours at 70-80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 40–95°F (4–35°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Cut open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part A Liquid into a clean mixing pail. Then open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part B Liquid into the mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until the two liquids are well blended. Then, while mixing, add LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part C Powder and blend until uniform. Install LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.13) and ANSI A108.6 (3.0 – 4.0). Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Then hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to avoid pulling grout out of filled joints. Once excess grout is removed, a thin film/haze will be left. Initial cleaning of the remaining film/haze can begin approximately 20–30 minutes after grouting (wait longer at colder temperatures). Begin by mixing cleaning additive packet with 2 gallons (7.6 L) of clean water in a clean bucket to make cleaning solution. Dip a clean sponge into the bucket and then wring out cleaning solution until sponge is damp. Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with the damp sponge to dissolve grout film/haze. Then drag sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse sponge frequently and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Discard sponges as they become "gummy" with residue. Within one (1) hour of finishing first cleaning, clean the same area again following the same procedure but utilizing a clean white scrub pad and fresh cleaning solution. Rinse scrub pad frequently. Drag a clean sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Use each side of sponge only once before rinsing and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Allow cleaned areas to dry and inspect tile/stone surface. For persistent grout film/haze (within 24 hours), repeat scrubbing procedure with undiluted white vinegar and clean pad. Rinse with clean water and allow surface to dry. Inspect grout joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATICRETE® SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout†. CAUTIONS: Do not use undiluted white vinegar on polished marble or limestone unless a test spot in an inconspicuous area indicates no change in finish appearance; do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE® SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout†
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
2. Grouting or Pointing Joints:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The chemical resistance of grouts and pointing mortars for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone will typically depend on:
1. Reagent composition and/or concentration;
2. Temperature;
3. Duration of exposure.
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM C267 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts and Monolithic Surfaces and Polymer Concretes,” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected chemical exposures.
Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of epoxy grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 45–90°F (7–32°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Pour LATAPOXY® 2000 Industrial Grout Part A and Part B into a clean mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until liquids are well blended. For vertical installations only, add LATAPOXY Part D Non-Sag Additive. While mixing, then add LATAPOXY Part C Filler Powder and blend until uniform. Immediately pour all of the LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout just mixed out of the pail onto the surface to be grouted.
NOTE: leaving epoxy grout in mixing pail will diminish working time.
Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin 5–30 minutes after grouting depending on temperature. Spray or fog grouted surfaces with clean water, applying ~8 fl oz/ft2 (0.3 L/m2). Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with nylon pad to dissolve haze/film. Drag a clean towel diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse towel frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again. Wait ~30–60 minutes and use a ‘hydra’ sponge and soapy water to ‘slick’/smoothen joint surface. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout. After ~12 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it by scrubbing with warm soapy water. Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone or trim unit.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
E. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1. Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate Backing Material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
G. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/epoxy from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly. Keep traffic off horizontal portland cement thick bed mortar installations for at least 72 hours at 70°F (21°C).
B. Keep floors installed with epoxy adhesive closed to traffic for 24 hrs. at 70°F (21°C), and to heavy traffic for 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) unless instructed differently by manufacturer. Use kneeling boards, or equivalent, to walk/work on newly tiled floors. Cure tile work in swimming pools, fountains and other continuous immersion applications for 10 days for epoxy based grout and 14 days for latex portland cement based grout at 70°F (21°C) before flood testing or filling installation with water. Extend period of protection of tile work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% RH) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.
Section 4: 4.2 VW244 - Cement Backer Board - Steel or Wood Framing (Interior)
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1' (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10' [3 mm in 3 m]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (6 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Not leveled with gypsum or asphalt based compounds;
6. Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Concrete surfaces shall also be:
1. Cured a minimum of 28 days at 70°F (21°C), including an initial seven (7) day period of wet curing;
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: LATICRETE® latex portland cement mortars do not require a minimum cure time for concrete substrates or mortar beds;
2. Wood float finished, or better, if the installation is to be done by the thin bed method;
C. Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface Preparation
A. Cementitious Backer Unit (CBU) Fiber Cement Underlayment Over Steel Framing
1. All designs, specifications and construction practices shall be in accordance with industry standards. Refer to latest editions of:
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) “Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members” [www.steel.org];
Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute (CSSBI) “Lightweight Steel Framing Binder {Publication 52M}” [www.cssbi.ca];
Steel Stud Manufacturers Association (SSMA) “Product Technical Information” and “ICBO Evaluation Service, Inc. Report ER-4943P” [www.ssma.com];
Metal Lath/Steel Framing Association “Steel Framing Systems Manual.”
2. Prior to commencing work, installer must submit to Architect/Structural Engineer for approval, shop drawings showing wall/façade construction and attachment details. All attachments must be designed to prevent transfer of building or structural movement to the wall/façade.
3. Construct all framing with galvanized or other rust resistant steel studs and channels; minimum requirements:
Stud Gauge: 16 gauge (1.5 mm);
Stud Steel: conforming to ASTM A570 – latest edition with a minimum yield point of 50 ksi;
Stud Spacing: not to exceed 16" (400 mm) on center;
Stud Width: 6" (150 mm);
Horizontal Bridging: Not to exceed 4' (1.2 m) on center; 16 gauge CR channel typical or as specified by structural engineer.
4. Studs shall be seated squarely in the channel tracks with the stud web and flange abutting the track web, plumbed or aligned, and securely attached to the flanges or web of both the upper and lower tracks by welding. Similarly connect horizontal bridging/purlins and anti-racking diagonal bracing as determined by structural engineer. Grind welds smooth and paint with rust inhibiting paint. Finished frame and components must be properly aligned, square and true.
5. Provide adequate support of framing elements during erection to prevent racking, twisting or bowing. Lay out the CBU/Fiber Cement Underlayment installation so all board edges are supported by metal framing (studs vertically and purlins horizontally). Cut/fit CBU/Fiber Cement Underlayment and add additional framing elements as required to support board edges. Stagger boards in courses to prevent continuous vertical joints and allow 1/8–3/16" (3–5 mm) between sheets.
6. Fasten the CBU/Fiber Cement Underlayment with 7/8" (22 mm) minimum length, non-rusting, self-imbedding screws for metal studs (BUILDEX® Catalog item 10–24 17/16 Wafer T3Z or equivalent). Fasten the boards every 6" (150 mm) at the edges and every 8" (200 mm) in the field. Stagger placement of screws at seams. Place screws no less than 3/8" (9 mm), and no more than 1" (25 mm), from board edges.
7. Tape all the board joints with the alkali resistant 2" (50 mm) wide reinforcing mesh provided by the CBU/Fiber Cement Underlayment manufacturer imbedded in the same mortar used to install the ceramic tile, mosaic, pavers, brick or stone.
8. Compliance with design criteria and state and local building codes must approved and certified by a qualified structural engineer. Use more stringent design criteria when necessary to comply with state and local building code stiffness requirements for thin veneers.
B. (List other Substrates as required and means of preparation as required)
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation – In addition to the surface preparation requirements listed above; …)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The above are example surface categories; edit for project specific surfaces and conditions.
3.3 Installation – Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent penetration by moisture.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 - 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8 mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
. LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE Hydro Ban™.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 24 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a 3 day cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE Hydro Ban
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/- 1/16" over 8' (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
B. Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" × 8"/200 mm × 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Select one of following and specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, trim unit:
1. Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Grouting Epoxy (ANSI A118.3): Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of LATICRETE SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout† for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 40–95°F (4–35°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Cut open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part A Liquid into a clean mixing pail. Then open pouch and pour LATICRETE® SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout† Part B Liquid into the mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until the two liquids are well blended. Then, while mixing, add LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part C Powder and blend until uniform. Install LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.13) and ANSI A108.6 (3.0 – 4.0). Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Then hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to avoid pulling grout out of filled joints. Once excess grout is removed, a thin film/haze will be left. Initial cleaning of the remaining film/haze can begin approximately 20–30 minutes after grouting (wait longer at colder temperatures). Begin by mixing cleaning additive packet with 2 gallons (7.6 L) of clean water in a clean bucket to make cleaning solution. Dip a clean sponge into the bucket and then wring out cleaning solution until sponge is damp. Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with the damp sponge to dissolve grout film/haze. Then drag sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse sponge frequently and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Discard sponges as they become "gummy" with residue. Within one (1) hour of finishing first cleaning, clean the same area again following the same procedure but utilizing a clean white scrub pad and fresh cleaning solution. Rinse scrub pad frequently. Drag a clean sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Use each side of sponge only once before rinsing and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Allow cleaned areas to dry and inspect tile/stone surface. For persistent grout film/haze (within 24 hours), repeat scrubbing procedure with undiluted white vinegar and clean pad. Rinse with clean water and allow surface to dry. Inspect grout joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout. CAUTIONS: Do not use undiluted white vinegar on polished marble or limestone unless a test spot in an inconspicuous area indicates no change in finish appearance; do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
2. Grouting or Pointing Joints:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The chemical resistance of grouts and pointing mortars for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone will typically depend on:
1. Reagent composition and/or concentration;
2. Temperature;
3. Duration of exposure.
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM C267 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts and Monolithic Surfaces and Polymer Concretes,” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected chemical exposures.
Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of epoxy grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 45–90°F (7–32°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Pour LATAPOXY® 2000 Industrial Grout Part A and Part B into a clean mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until liquids are well blended. For vertical installations only, add LATAPOXY Part D Non-Sag Additive. While mixing, then add LATAPOXY Part C Filler Powder and blend until uniform. Immediately pour all of the LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout just mixed out of the pail onto the surface to be grouted.
NOTE: leaving epoxy grout in mixing pail will diminish working time.
Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin 5–30 minutes after grouting depending on temperature. Spray or fog grouted surfaces with clean water, applying ~8 fl oz/ft2 (0.3 m2). Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with nylon pad to dissolve haze/film. Drag a clean towel diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse towel frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again. Wait ~30–60 minutes and use a ‘hydra’ sponge and soapy water to ‘slick’/smoothen joint surface. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout. After ~12 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it by scrubbing with warm soapy water. Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone or trim unit.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
D. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1.
Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate backing material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE® Latasil™
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
E. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/latex portland cement mortar from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly.
B. Extend period of protection of veneer work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% RH) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.
Section 4: 4.3 VW300 - Concrete Masonry Units/Brick - Thin Bed
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10' (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1' (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1' (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10' [3 mm in 3 m]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (6 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Not leveled with gypsum or asphalt based compounds;
6. Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Concrete surfaces shall also be:
1. Cured a minimum of 28 days at 70°F (21°C), including an initial seven (7) day period of wet curing;
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: LATICRETE® latex portland cement mortars do not require a minimum cure time for concrete substrates or mortar beds;
2. Wood float finished, or better, if the installation is to be done by the thin bed method;
Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface Preparation
A. Concrete Substrates
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1)
B. (List other Substrates as required and means of preparation as required)
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit substrate and preparation section based on project specific surfaces and conditions.
3.3 Installation – Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives/mastics, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent water penetration.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 – 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
. LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATICRETE® Hydro Ban™
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/- 1/16" over 8' (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
B. Pre-float Method: Over clean, dimensionally stable and sound concrete or masonry substrates, apply thick-bed mortar, or, thin-set mortar as scratch/leveling coat in compliance with current revision of A108.1A (1.0, 1.4 and 5.1). Float surface of scratch/leveling coat plumb, true and allow mortar to set until firm. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4E).
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
C. Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" × 8"/200 mm × 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
D. Grouting or Pointing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Select one of following and specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, trim unit:
1. Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Grouting Epoxy (ANSI A118.3): Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of LATICRETE SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout† for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 40–95°F (4–35°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Cut open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part A Liquid into a clean mixing pail. Then open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part B Liquid into the mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until the two liquids are well blended. Then, while mixing, add LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part C Powder and blend until uniform. Install LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.13) and ANSI A108.6 (3.0 – 4.0). Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Then hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to avoid pulling grout out of filled joints. Once excess grout is removed, a thin film/haze will be left. Initial cleaning of the remaining film/haze can begin approximately 20–30 minutes after grouting (wait longer at colder temperatures). Begin by mixing cleaning additive packet with 2 gallons (7.6 L) of clean water in a clean bucket to make cleaning solution. Dip a clean sponge into the bucket and then wring out cleaning solution until sponge is damp. Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with the damp sponge to dissolve grout film/haze. Then drag sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse sponge frequently and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Discard sponges as they become "gummy" with residue. Within one (1) hour of finishing first cleaning, clean the same area again following the same procedure but utilizing a clean white scrub pad and fresh cleaning solution. Rinse scrub pad frequently. Drag a clean sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Use each side of sponge only once before rinsing and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Allow cleaned areas to dry and inspect tile/stone surface. For persistent grout film/haze (within 24 hours), repeat scrubbing procedure with undiluted white vinegar and clean pad. Rinse with clean water and allow surface to dry. Inspect grout joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout. CAUTIONS: Do not use undiluted white vinegar on polished marble or limestone unless a test spot in an inconspicuous area indicates no change in finish appearance; do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
2. Grouting or Pointing Joints:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The chemical resistance of grouts and pointing mortars for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone will typically depend on:
1. Reagent composition and/or concentration;
2. Temperature;
3. Duration of exposure.
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM C267 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts and Monolithic Surfaces and Polymer Concretes,” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected chemical exposures.
Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of epoxy grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 45–90°F (7–32°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Pour LATAPOXY® 2000 Industrial Grout Part A and Part B into a clean mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until liquids are well blended. For vertical installations only, add LATAPOXY Part D Non-Sag Additive. While mixing, then add LATAPOXY Part C Filler Powder and blend until uniform. Immediately pour all of the LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout just mixed out of the pail onto the surface to be grouted.
NOTE: leaving epoxy grout in mixing pail will diminish working time.
Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin 5–30 minutes after grouting depending on temperature. Spray or fog grouted surfaces with clean water, applying ~8 fl oz/ft2 (0.3 m2). Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with nylon pad to dissolve haze/film. Drag a clean towel diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse towel frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again. Wait ~30–60 minutes and use a ‘hydra’ sponge and soapy water to ‘slick’/smoothen joint surface. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout. After ~12 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it by scrubbing with warm soapy water. Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone or trim unit.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials:
LATAPOXY 2000 Industrial Grout
Please visit www.laticrete.com for the most recent copies of Product Data Sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, Detail Drawings, and Technical Data Sheets.
E. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1.
Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE® Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate backing material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials:
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
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G. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/epoxy from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly. Keep traffic off horizontal portland cement thick bed mortar installations for at least 72 hours at 70°F (21°C).
B. Keep floors installed with epoxy adhesive closed to traffic for 24 hrs. at 70°F (21°C), and to heavy traffic for 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) unless instructed differently by manufacturer. Use kneeling boards, or equivalent, to walk/work on newly tiled floors. Cure tile work in swimming pools, fountains and other continuous immersion applications for 10 days for epoxy based grout and 14 days for latex portland cement based grout at 70°F (21°C) before flood testing or filling installation with water. Extend period of protection of tile work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% R.H.) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.